NASA Scientists Create Swarm Robots to Explore Hidden Lava Tubes on Mars

Scientists are developing a new generation of nature-inspired swarm robots designed to explore massive underground lava tubes hidden beneath the surface of Mars. These ancient tunnels, formed by volcanic eruptions millions of years ago, could potentially shelter microbial life and even serve as safe habitats for future astronauts by protecting them from harmful radiation.

According to reports, Mostafa Hassanalian and his team are working on an innovative two-part robotic system inspired by natural organisms. The first robot, known as a “roly-poly robot,” is modelled after a pillbug and is capable of rolling into a ball before parachuting into Martian lava tubes through surface openings called skylights.

Once inside the tunnels, the robot releases thousands of tiny flying devices called “dandelion drones.” These ultra-light drones use piezoelectric-powered flexible polymers for movement and are designed to ride underground wind currents while mapping the cave network. Their white coating helps reflect heat and reduce weight, making them suitable for Mars’ harsh underground environment.

Current Mars rovers such as Curiosity and Perseverance are too large to enter these narrow tunnels, making swarm robotics a promising alternative for future exploration missions.

Researchers believe studying lava tubes could reveal crucial information about Mars’ geological history, underground temperatures, and the possibility of ancient microbial life. Scientists across Europe and NASA are also actively testing robotic systems in volcanic caves on Earth to prepare for future Mars missions.